Model railroading is a wonderful hobby that combines creativity, engineering, and a love for trains. One of the most important steps in building your model train layout is laying the track. Properly laid track ensures smooth and reliable operation of your trains and adds to the overall realism of your layout. For novices, this task can seem daunting, but with the right guidance, it can be a manageable and enjoyable project. In this article, we’ll walk you through the essential steps to lay track on your model train layout.

Understanding the Basics

Before we dive into the step-by-step process, it’s important to understand some basic concepts related to model train track:

1. Types of Track

There are two main types of model train track: sectional track and flex track.

• Sectional Track: Comes in fixed lengths and curves. It is easy to assemble and is ideal for beginners.
• Flex Track: Comes in long, flexible sections that can be bent and cut to fit any layout design. It offers greater flexibility and allows for more realistic track arrangements.

2. Track Gauges

Track gauge refers to the distance between the rails. Common gauges include:

• HO Scale (1:87): One of the most popular scales, suitable for detailed layouts.
• N Scale (1:160): Smaller than HO, ideal for limited spaces.
• O Scale (1:48): Larger than HO, provides more detail but requires more space.

3. Track Bed

The track bed is the foundation on which the track is laid. It provides stability and helps reduce noise. Common materials for track beds include cork, foam, and rubber.

Step-by-Step Guide to Laying Track

Step 1: Plan Your Layout

Before you start laying track, it’s crucial to plan your layout. Draw a detailed track plan, including all tracks, turnouts, and any accessories you plan to use. Consider the following:

• Space: Measure the area where you will set up your layout.
• Scale: Choose the scale that best fits your space and preferences.
• Track Plan: Decide on the type of track plan (e.g., continuous loop, point-to-point, switching layout).

See my article on Factors to consider on your Track Plan

Step 2: Prepare the Base

The base of your layout is the surface on which you will lay the track. Common materials for the base include plywood, foam board, and MDF (medium-density fiberboard). Follow these steps to prepare the base:

1. Cut the Base: Cut the base material to the desired size and shape.
2. Support the Base: Build a sturdy frame or table to support the base. Ensure it is level and stable.
3. Mark the Track Plan: Transfer your track plan onto the base using a pencil or marker. This will serve as a guide when laying the track.

Step 3: Install the Track Bed

The track bed provides a stable foundation for the track and helps reduce noise. Follow these steps to install the track bed:

1. Cut the Track Bed: Cut the track bed material (e.g., cork or foam) to match the shape of your track plan.
2. Glue the Track Bed: Apply a thin layer of adhesive (e.g., white glue or contact cement) to the base and press the track bed into place. Allow the adhesive to dry completely.
3. Smooth the Track Bed: Ensure the track bed is smooth and level. Sand any rough edges if necessary.

Step 4: Lay the Track

Now it’s time to lay the track on the track bed. Follow these steps:

1. Position the Track: Place the track sections on the track bed according to your track plan. Use track joiners (rail joiners) to connect the sections.
2. Secure the Track: Once you are satisfied with the track placement, secure the track to the track bed using track nails or adhesive. If using track nails, be careful not to bend the rails.
3. Cut Flex Track: If you are using flex track, cut it to the desired length using a rail cutter. Bend the flex track to fit your layout and secure it in place.
4. Install Turnouts: If your layout includes turnouts (switches), install them according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Ensure they operate smoothly and align with the rest of the track.

Step 5: Wire the Track

Proper wiring is essential for smooth operation of your trains. Follow these steps to wire the track:

1. Power Supply: Connect the power supply (DC or DCC) to the track. For DC layouts, connect the power pack to the track using feeder wires. For DCC layouts, connect the command station to the track.
2. Feeder Wires: Install feeder wires at regular intervals to ensure consistent power distribution. Solder the feeder wires to the rails and connect them to the bus wires running underneath the layout.
3. Test the Wiring: Use a multimeter to check for proper voltage and continuity. Ensure there are no short circuits or loose connections.

See my article on tips on How to Wire your Layout

Step 6: Test the Track

Before you start running trains, it’s important to test the track to ensure smooth operation. Follow these steps:

1. Run a Test Train: Run a test train slowly around the entire layout. Check for any rough spots, derailments, or electrical issues.
2. Adjust the Track: Make any necessary adjustments to the track alignment, elevation, or wiring. Ensure all turnouts operate smoothly.
3. Clean the Track: Clean the track using a track cleaning eraser or isopropyl alcohol to remove any dirt or debris.

Step 7: Add Ballast

Ballasting the track adds realism and helps secure the track in place. Follow these steps to add ballast:

1. Apply the Ballast: Spread the ballast evenly along the track using a small spoon or brush. Ensure the ballast covers the track bed and fills the space between the ties (sleepers).
2. Shape the Ballast: Use a small brush to shape the ballast and remove any excess. Ensure the ballast is level and does not interfere with the rails.
3. Glue the Ballast: Apply a mixture of white glue and water (50:50 ratio) to the ballast using a dropper or spray bottle. Allow the glue to dry completely.

Step 8: Add Scenery and Details

Once the track is laid and ballasted, you can add scenery and details to enhance the realism of your layout. Consider adding:

• Buildings and Structures: Add stations, factories, houses, and other structures to create a realistic scene.
• Vegetation: Use ground foam, static grass, and trees to add greenery to your layout.
• Roads and Pathways: Create roads and pathways using paint, plaster, or pre-made road materials.
• Figures and Vehicles: Add figures, vehicles, and other details to bring your layout to life.

For Model Railroad Scenery Supplies check this SITE

Conclusion

Laying track on a model train layout is a crucial step in creating a realistic and enjoyable model railroad. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can ensure that your track is properly laid, wired, and tested for smooth operation. Remember, patience and attention to detail are key to a successful track-laying project. With practice and experience, you’ll become more confident in your skills and enjoy the rewarding process of building your model train layout. Happy railroading!

Citations:
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJL8DZO5mks
[2] https://www.nmra.org/beginners-guide-part-2-layout-planning
[3] https://cs.trains.com/mrr/f/11/t/212570.aspx
[4] https://www.building-your-model-railroad.com/model-railroad-track-plans.html
[5] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbPZkp8gaY0